mark rayner cern

“It is difficult to say, but our sensitivity will likely be limited at this stage by a convolution of neutrino-interaction and flux systematics.”. Korea’s NEOS experiment and Russia’s DANSS experiment report siren signals between 1 and 2 eV, , and NEUTRINO-4, also based in Russia, reports a seemingly outlandish signal, indicative of very large mixing, at 7 eV. Abstract The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is designed to demonstrate the currently untested technique of ionization cooling. One of their primary missions is to resolve the question of leptonic CP violation. The fourth anomaly, from Fermilab’s MiniBooNE experiment, which sought to replicate the LSND effect at a longer baseline and a higher energy, is the most recent: a sizeable excess of both electron neutrinos and antineutrinos, though at a lower energy than expected. Any deviation from the expected couplings would imply that the Higgs sector is more complicated than this minimal scenario. CMS reports an overall signal strength of 1.2 ± 0.4, while ATLAS finds a signal strength of 1.2 ± 0.6, with the uncertainties dominated by their statistical component. Similar physics is at play in neutrino oscillations. And with detector, flux and interaction uncertainties all distinct, a joint analysis of both experiments’ data could break degeneracies and drive down systematics. New-issue alert: sign up today. Such a particle would also stand in tension with cosmology, notes phenomenologist Silvia Pascoli of Durham University, as models predict it would make too large a contribution to hot dark matter in the universe today, unless non-standard scenarios are invoked. Three different types of experiment covering three orders of magnitude in baseline are now seeking to settle the sterile-neutrino question in the next decade. Mark RAYNER, Contributing Editor for the CERN Courier (CERN Fellowship) of CERN, Genève (CERN) | Read 78 publications | Contact Mark RAYNER At the beginning of the last decade, short-baseline reactor-neutrino experiments in China (Daya Bay), Korea (RENO) and France (Double Chooz) were in a race with T2K to establish if the third angle, which leads to a coupling between ν3 and electrons, was also non-zero. Outside of the purview of oscillation experiments with artificially produced neutrinos, astrophysical observatories will scale a staggering energy range, from the PeV-scale neutrinos reported by IceCube at the South Pole, down, perhaps, to the few-hundred-μeV cosmic neutrino background sought by experiments such as PTOLEMY in the US. Aktivitäten. The power of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) beam will be increased from its current value of 0.5 MW up to 1.3 MW, and the new far detector will be filled with 260,000 tonnes of ultrapure water, yielding a fiducial volume 8.4 times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. Meanwhile, the KATRIN experiment in Germany is zeroing in on the edges of beta-decay distributions to set an absolute scale for the mass of the peculiar mixture of mass eigenstates that make up an electron antineutrino (CERN Courier January/February 2020 p28). It is not yet known if ν3 is the lightest or the heaviest of the trio. In this model, the particles acquire mass through spontaneous symmetry breaking; the W and Z as a result of a local gauge symmetry and the fermions, such as the muon, as a result of Yukawa couplings to the Higgs field – a novel type of interaction among fundamental particles that is not derived from a symmetry principle. In traditional Balinese music, instruments are made in pairs, with one tuned slightly higher in frequency than its twin. Sci. Mark Alastair Rayner Worcester College, Oxford Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford Trinity Term, 2011. A smattering of reactor-neutrino experiments a mere 10 metres or so from the source will directly probe the reactor anomaly at, . In the reactor experiments this would be seen as a small deficit of electron antineutrinos a kilometre or so from the reactors; in T2K the smoking gun would be the appearance of a small number of electron neutrinos not present in the initial muon-neutrino-dominated beam. Neutrino oscillations revealed a rare chink in the armour of the Standard Model: neutrinos are not massless, but are evolving superpositions of at least three mass eigenstates with distinct energies. Mark Rayner (IR/ECO) I am a scientific journalist at CERN, reporting on worldwide developments in particle physics as Associate Editor for the CERN Courier. T2K and NOvA both plan to roughly double their current data sets, and are working together on a joint fit, in a bid to better understand correlations between systematic uncertainties, and break degeneracies between measurements of CP violation and the mass hierarchy. By switching the polarity of the magnetic horn, the experiments can compare the probabilities for the CP-mirror oscillations, directly. The new results therefore reduce the scope available to such multi-Higgs models, and sharpen the question of why there is a hierarchy of particle masses, says John Ellis of King’s College London. “These new particles can be the key in solving all the observational problems of the Standard Model, and require a consolidated effort of neutrino experiments, accelerator-based experiments and cosmological observations. Within present experimental accuracy, all couplings between the Higgs boson and other Standard Model particles correspond to the strength of interaction that would give the particles their observed masses, according to the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism. The data reported so far are intriguing. The signal can be amplified here, potentially easing noise requirements for the readout electronics, and increasing the maximum size of the detector. “Why is the Higgs coupling to the muon so different from its coupling to the tau lepton, whereas the couplings of the W boson to tau leptons and muons are equal to within a couple of percent? Rayner" on LinkedIn. This is a beating effect: fast oscillations at the mean frequency inside a slowly oscillating envelope. “Assuming the H → μμ coupling predicted by the Standard Model, and extrapolating the current results, the combined sensitivity could get near the observation threshold of 5σ at the end of Run 3, from 2022 to 2024.”, If there is only a single Higgs field, it should provide the masses for all the Standard-Model particles, but there may be additional Higgs fields that could make contributions to their masses. T2K data currently err towards near maximal CP violation in the vicinity of δCP = –π/2. more from Cern Courier. The dual-phase prototype was filled with argon in summer 2019 and is now recording tracks. Since then, T2K and NOvA, which began taking data in 2014, have been chasing leptonic CP violation – an analysis that is out of the reach of reactor experiments, as δCP does not affect disappearance probabilities. Data taking is scheduled to commence in 2027. It’s important to note, however, that experiments including KARMEN, MINOS+ and IceCube have reported null searches for sterile neutrinos that fit the required description. J. Ioannidis et al. JUNO will arguably be at the vanguard of a precision era for the physics of neutrino oscillations, equipped to measure the mass splittings and the solar mixing parameters to better than 1% precision – an improvement of about one order of magnitude over previous results, and even better than the quark sector, claims Wang, somewhat provocatively. “The performance of the prototype has been absolutely spectacular, exceeding everyone’s expectations,” says DUNE co-spokesperson Ed Blucher of the University of Chicago. Read article 'New Perspectives on Einstein’s E = mc 2 ' Theory; Review; New Perspectives on Einstein’s E = mc 2. Read previous. In the closing days of the year, Double Chooz published evidence for 4121 electron–antineutrino events, under the expected tally for no coupling of 4344 ± 165, reinforcing T2K’s 2.5, indication. Please enter the e-mail address you used to register to reset your password, Thank you for registering significance for all possible mixing parameter values. As the reactor neutrinos travel, the small kilometre-scale oscillation observed by Daya Bay will continue to undulate with the same wavelength, revealed in JUNO as “fast” oscillations on a slower and deeper first oscillation maximum due to the smaller solar mass splitting Δm221 (see “An oscillation within an oscillation” figure). A rich programme of short-baseline experiments promises to bolster or exclude experimental hints of a fourth sterile neutrino with a relatively large mixing with the electron neutrino that have dogged the field since the late 1990s. Dieses Profil melden; Info. Meanwhile, the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS), which sent muon neutrinos from Fermilab to northern Minnesota from 2005 to 2012, made world-leading measurements of the parameters describing the oscillation. “The expected precision on δCP is 10–20 degrees, depending on its true value,” says Hyper-Kamiokande international co-spokesperson Francesca di Lodovico of King’s College, London. “If CP violation is maximal and the experiments collect data as anticipated, DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande should both approach 5σ significance for the exclusion of leptonic CP conservation in about five years,” estimates DUNE co-spokesperson Stefan Söldner-Rembold of the University of Manchester, noting that the experiments will also be highly complementary for non-accelerator topics. The Fermilab programme will combine three liquid-argon TPCs – a bespoke new short-baseline detector (SBND), the existing MicroBooNE detector, and the refurbished ICARUS detector – to resolve the LSND anomaly once and for all. Higgs and electroweak; News; Turning the screw on H → μμ . On average, more than 400 papers had greater impact than the work most closely associated with the prize-winners’ success within a year either side of the publication dates. The zeitgeist began to shift to artificially produced neutrinos. As in reactor-neutrino detectors, this will provide a tag for antineutrino events, to improve sample purities in the search for leptonic CP violation. Its couplings to W and Z bosons have also been established at 5σ confidence. As neutrinos are always ultra-relativistic, the energies of the mass eigenstates differ only due to tiny mass contributions of m2/2E. Korea’s NEOS experiment and Russia’s DANSS experiment report siren signals between 1 and 2 eV2, and NEUTRINO-4, also based in Russia, reports a seemingly outlandish signal, indicative of very large mixing, at 7 eV2. “In six years of data taking, the statistical significance will be higher than 3σ.”, JUNO has completed most of the digging of the underground laboratory, and equipment for the production and purification of liquid scintillator is being fabricated. “At this point we will be in a transition from a statistics-dominated to a systematics-dominated result,” says T2K spokesperson Atsuko Ichikawa of the University of Kyoto. more from Cern Courier. The project is an evolution of the Daya Bay experiment, and will seek to measure a deficit of electron antineutrinos 53 km from the Yangjiang and Taishan nuclear-power plants. Operating from 1999 to 2006, the KEK-to-Kamioka (K2K) experiment sent a beam of muon neutrinos from the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba to the Super-Kamiokande detector, 250 km away under Mount Ikeno on the other side of Honshu. Three different types of experiment covering three orders of magnitude in baseline are now seeking to settle the sterile-neutrino question in the next decade. The decay to two muons, H → μμ, is expected to occur with a branching fraction of just one in 5000 Higgs-boson decays, and is overwhelmed by backgrounds from the Drell–Yan process.

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