The 2011 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission covered 90 per cent of households with underground drainage system. It has a visitor average of 5000 per day during holidays and 2000–3000 on working days. [63], According to 2011 census based on per-expansion limits, the area covered under the Madurai Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,017,865[2] with a sex-ratio of 999 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [104] The Communist Party of India (Marxist) won the seat three times during 1967–71,[105] 1999–2004[106] and 2004–09[107] general elections. [205] Water supply is provided by the Madurai City Corporation with overhead tanks and power pumps. La légende raconte que le jour où la ville devait recevoir son nom, tandis que le dieu Shiva bénissait sa terre et ses habitants, le nectar divin (madhu) se mit à pleuvoir depuis sa chevelure, ce qui fit que la ville reçut le nom de Madhurapuri. Madurai is an important industrial and educational hub in South Tamil Nadu. Cotton crop cultivation in the regions with black soil in Madurai district was introduced during the Nayaka rule during the 16th century to increase the revenue from agriculture. [167] The palace of Rani Mangamma has been renovated to house one of the five Gandhi Sangrahalayas (Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai) in the country. [37] Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. [132] The carriers operating from the airport are Air India, Air India Express, SpiceJet, Indigo and Srilankan Airlines . During the early years of independent India, the Madurai municipality was dominated by reformists of the Indian National Congress. On la qualifie aussi parfois d'Athènes de l'Orient du fait de sa richesse architecturale en temples. [166], Kazimar Big Mosque is the oldest Islamic place of worship in the city. [82] The compounded annual growth rate dropped from 4.10 per cent during 1971–81 to 1.27 per cent during 1991–2004. [179] The palace complex of Thirumalai Nayak Palace was constructed in the Indo-Saracenic style by Thirumalai Nayakar in 1636 CE. [160][161]Indian Oil Corporation has build as largest terminal which comes under the central government funded at the cost of ₹ 1.04 lakh Crore. There are also daily Tamil evening newspapers like Tamil Murasu, Malai Murasu[200] and Malai Malar[200] published in Madurai. The city is also the seat of a bench of the Madras High Court, one of only a few outside the state capitals of India. [155] Madurai is one of the few rubber growing areas in South India,[156] and there are rubber-based industries in Madurai. [91] The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing. Madurai est une des villes les plus anciennes de l'Inde et figure parmi les plus vieux centres urbains continuellement habités au monde[3]. [139] An average of 2,000 farmers sell flowers daily at the flower market. [96][97] From 1957, the Madurai parliament seat was held by the Indian National Congress seven times in the 1962–67,[98] 1971–77,[99] 1977–80,[100] 1980–84,[101] 1984–89,[102] 1989–91[103] and 1991 elections. [10] Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. [129][130] The airport was declared a customs airport in 2012 allowing limited number of international flights. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 6.27% and .31% of the population respectively. It is the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and Pandya Nadu, the third largest city in Tamil Nadu and 44th most populated city in India. [56][60] Madurai is hot and dry for eight months of the year. It is an important railway junction in southern Tamil Nadu and is one of the top 100 booking stations in Indian Railways. Hindoo Temples and Palace at Madura, a poem by L. E. L. 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Thoothukudi Industrial Corridor - Order Issued", List of Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamarajar University, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University – Affiliated Government law colleges, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, "High-level team inspects AIIMS site in Madurai, compound wall to be raised soon", http://epaper.newindianexpress.com/1527835/The-New-Indian-Express-Madurai/02022018#page/20/1, List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available, List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 1 January 2007), "Prime Minister Narendra Modi Laid Foundation Stone for Madurai AIIMS Hospital", "36 cities that will shape India's future", "Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai", "AIADMK revives Chennai Monorail Project – southindia – Chennai – ibnlive", "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport", "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport", "Akam and Pur\am : 'Address' Signs of the Indus Script", "A site of human settlements turned into a coconut grove", "Archealogical excavation uncovers Roman Pandyan trade links", "An industry that can bolster the economy of Madurai", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Madurai", "Cities having 1 lakh population – Census 2011", "Climate - 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[181] The Eco park, situated in Tallakulam, features fountains and lighting in trees using optical fibres. [90] Madurai was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 1 May 1971[91] as per the Madurai City Municipal Corporation Act, 1971. The post advertised are Medical Superintendent, Financial Advisor, Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer (Civil), Executive Engineer (Electrical), and Administrative Officer. [140] Tamil poets of different epochs participated in these assemblies, and their compositions are referred to as Sangam literature. Other members include Dr Sudha Seshayyan, Vice Chancellor of the Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Director General of Health Services (ex-officio), Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India or his/her nominee and Chief Secretary, Government of Tamil Nadu or his/her nominee. Une étude basée sur les données disponibles auprès du Département météorologique indien sur Madurai sur une période de 62 ans indique une tendance à la hausse de la température atmosphérique au-dessus de la ville de Madurai, attribuée à l'urbanisation, à la croissance des véhicules et à l'activité industrielle. [15] The agricultural college and research institute in Madurai, started in 1965 by the state government, provides agricultural education to aspirants in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. [120] Madurai has three bus terminals, namely, M.G.R. The recorded history of the city goes back to the 3rd century BCE, being mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to the Maurya empire, and Kautilya, a minister of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Structures are the subject of the population respectively these two temples overlap during the winter season least 3rd. Headquarters of the independence movement in Madurai. [ 116 ] floated in the 7th-century Thiruvilayaadal... 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