Conservation of Endangered Species and other Fish or Wildlife: United States List of Endangered Native Fish and Wildlife Federal Registry 35: 16047-16048. Other wetlands have been filled to construct hotels and other commercial and residential development. The first reference to a coot in the Hawaiian Islands was by Andrew Bloxam, who encountered the Hawaiian coot but failed to collect a specimen as he mistook it for the Eurasian coot, Fulica atra, while in the islands in 1825 as the naturalist on board HMS Blonde. With more than 20 listed endangered and threatened arthropods in Hawaii and the Pacific Islands, PIFWO, with its partners, works to conserve endangered and threatened arthropods and their habitats and ecosystems to help prevent further species extinction. Biannual surveys (summer and winter) were initiated in 1970 following the listing of four species of our endemic waterbirds as federally endangered […] State Recognized as Endemic . This endemic bird of Hawai‘i is smaller than its mainland relatives, measuring 15 inches in length. CONSERVATION: The Hawaiian coot is endangered due to habitat loss and the mongoose, which eat their eggs and chicks. The Hawaiian gallinule is an endangered chicken-sized water bird in the rail family. The ‘alae ke‘oke‘o is an endangered species endemic to the main Hawaiian Islands, except Kaho‘olawe. In heated battles, the adults will use their wings to balance them upright as they use their feet to fight off other ‘alae ke‘oke‘o – similar to kickboxing! It is grayish black in color and has a white bill and frontal shield. State of Hawaii Biannual Waterbird Surveys Waterbird surveys have been conducted since as far back as the 1940s when Christmas Bird Counts were initiated on Oʻahu and subsequently expanded to other islands. Language Common name; Danish: Hawaiiblishøne: Dutch: Hawaiimeerkoet: English, Hawaii: ʻAlae keʻokeʻo - Hawaiian Coot: English, United States: Hawaiian Coot This dark, slate gray bird with white bill and forehead shield spends more of its time in open water areas compared to its more secretive relative the Hawaiian Moorhen, or `alae `ula. ‘Alae ke‘oke‘o are territorial during nesting and will defend their area from other coots. This endemic bird of Hawai‘i is smaller than its mainland relatives, measuring 15 inches in length. Federal Registry 35: 16047-16048. 2005. Has a distinctive call during breeding season that sounds like “oo-ah-oo.” Also known as the “Hawaiian Petrel.” Is listed as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act and can travel up to 6,000 to forage. The population of ‘alae ke‘oke‘o ranges between 1,500 and 3,000 individuals and live in all the main Hawaiian islands, except Kaho‘olawe. Biannual surveys conducted by the Hawaiian Department of Land and Natural Resource's Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) found that between 1998 and 2003 the inter-island coot population averaged 2,100 birds, ranging between 1,500 and 3,000 birds. Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds - USFWS 2011 . The Makalawena Marsh on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi has been listed as a National Natural Landmark to preserve one of its last nesting areas.[6]. The State population has fluctuated between 2,000-4,000 birds with the O‘ahu population fluctuating between 500-1,000 birds. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge (HNWR) was established to protect habitat for the endangered Hawaiian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), Hawaiian coot (Fulica alai), Hawaiian duck or Koloa (Anas wyvilliana), and Hawaiian stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). By white frontal shield above the bill is larger and more bulbous 111 of are. 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