By January 1, 1945, the Germans are in retreat. The devastation of the Great War (as World War I was known at the time) had greatly destabilized Europe, and in many respects World War II grew out of issues left unresolved by that earlier conflict. work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. November 6, 1943Soviet troops liberate Kiev. April 10, 1941The leaders of the terrorist Ustasa movement proclaim the so-called Independent State of Croatia. Recognized immediately by Germany and Italy, the new state includes the province of Bosnia-Herzegovina. June 22, 1944The Soviets launch a massive offensive in eastern Belorussia (Belarus), destroying the German Army Group Center and driving westward to the Vistula River across from Warsaw in central Poland by August 1. Japanese troops land in the Philippines, French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), and British Singapore. November 1940Slovakia (November 23), Hungary (November 20), and Romania (November 22) join the Axis. World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries. August 1, 1944–October 5, 1944The non-communist underground Home Army rises up against the Germans in an effort to liberate Warsaw before the arrival of Soviet troops. Adolf Hitler opened the first concentration camps as … Here is a timeline of major events during the war. An illustrated timeline of key events during World War 2 including pre-war events cited as its causes. Croatia joins the Axis powers formally on June 15, 1941. March 19, 1944Fearing Hungary’s intention to desert the Axis partnership, the Germans occupy Hungary and compel the regent, Admiral Miklos Horthy, to appoint a pro-German minister president. The mass murder of Europe’s Jews took place in the context of World War II. Officially beginning on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, World War II lasted until both the Germans and the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies in 1945. On June 22, France signs an armistice agreement by which the Germans occupy the northern half of the country and the entire Atlantic coastline. November 8, 1942US and British troops land at several points on the beaches of Algeria and Morocco in French North Africa. The Romanian turnaround compels Bulgaria to surrender on September 8, and the Germans to evacuate Greece, Albania, and southern Yugoslavia in October. April 1945Partisan units, led by Yugoslav Communist leader Josip Tito, capture Zagreb and topple the Ustasa regime. January 12, 1945The Soviets launch a new offensive, liberating Warsaw and Krakow in January, capturing Budapest after a two-month siege on February 13, driving the Germans and their Hungarian collaborators out of Hungary in early April, forcing the surrender of Slovakia with the capture of Bratislava on April 4, and capturing Vienna on April 13. September 3, 1939Honoring their guarantee of Poland’s borders, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. June 4, 1944Allied troops liberate Rome. Here is a timeline listing some of the major events: Leading up to the War 1933 January 30 - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. We would like to thank The Crown and Goodman Family and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing For other timelines of … October 15, 1944The Hungarian fascist Arrow Cross movement carries out a coup d’état with German support to prevent the Hungarian government from pursuing negotiations for surrender to the Soviets. Denmark surrenders on the day of the attack; Norway holds out until June 9. The Soviet advance halts on the east bank of the Vistula. November 25, 1936Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement. December 6, 1941A Soviet counteroffensive drives the Germans from the Moscow suburbs in chaotic retreat. Resistance in Greece ceases in early June 1941. The Polish government flees into exile via Romania. September 12, 1944Finland concludes an armistice with the Soviet Union, leaving the Axis partnership. In particular, political and economic instability in Germany, and lingering resentment over the harsh terms imposed by the Versailles Treaty, fueled the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi) Party.After becoming Reic… May 9, 1945Germany surrenders to the Soviets. July 25, 1943 The Fascist Grand Council deposes Benito Mussolini, enabling Italian marshall Pietro Badoglio to form a new government. May 10, 1940–June 22, 1940Germany attacks western Europe—France and the neutral Low Countries. On August 25, Free French forces, supported by Allied troops, enter the French capital. September 2, 1945 Having agreed in principle to unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945, Japan formally surrenders, ending World War II. Forbidden by Hitler to retreat or try to break out of the Soviet ring, the survivors of the Sixth Army surrender on January 30 and February 2, 1943. June 10, 1940Italy enters the war. January 22, 1944Allied troops land successfully near Anzio, just south of Rome. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. August 9, 1945The United States drops an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. December 11–13, 1941Nazi Germany and its Axis partners declare war on the United States. The main combatants were the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China). March 11–13, 1938Germany incorporates Austria in the Anschluss. August 23, 1944The appearance of Soviet troops on the Prut River induces the Romanian opposition to overthrow the Antonescu regime. December 7, 1941Japan bombs Pearl Harbor. TTY: 202.488.0406, The mass murder of Europe’s Jews took place in the context of World War II. June 1942 British and US navies halt the Japanese naval advance in the central Pacific at Midway. September 17, 1939The Soviet Union invades Poland from the east. August 29, 1944–October 28, 1944Under the leadership of the Slovak National Council, consisting of both Communists and non-Communists, underground Slovak resistance units rise against the Germans and the indigenous fascist Slovak regime. October 2, 1935–May 1936Fascist Italy invades, conquers, and annexes Ethiopia. The loss of northern Transylvania forces Romanian King Carol to abdicate in favor of his son, Michael, and brings to power a dictatorship under General Ion Antonescu. July 10, 1943US and British troops land on Sicily. World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945. September 13, 1940The Italians invade British-controlled Egypt from Italian-controlled Libya. The Finns sue for an armistice and have to cede the northern shores of Lake Lagoda and the small Finnish coastline on the Arctic Sea to the Soviet Union. June 14, 1940–August 6, 1940The Soviet Union occupies the Baltic States on June 14–18, engineering Communist coup d’états in each of them on July 14–15, and then annexing them as Soviet Republics on August 3–6. In the center, the Germans capture Smolensk in early August and drive on Moscow by October. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. August 9, 1945 The United States drops an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. December 16, 1944The Germans launch a final offensive in the west, known as the Battle of the Bulge, in an attempt to re-conquer Belgium and split the Allied forces along the German border. August 30, 1940Second Vienna Award: Germany and Italy arbitrate a decision on the division of the disputed province of Transylvania between Romania and Hungary. October 23–24, 1942British troops defeat the Germans and Italians at El Alamein in Egypt, sending the Axis forces in chaotic retreat across Libya to the eastern border of Tunisia. August 15, 1944Allied forces land in southern France near Nice and advance rapidly towards the Rhine River to the northeast. German troops fight their way into Stalingrad (Volgograd) on the Volga River by mid-September and penetrate deep into the Caucasus after securing the Crimean Peninsula. World War II, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during 1939–45. Before the official beginning of WW II, a number of countries began to act in an aggressive and warlike manner. March 14–15, 1939Under German pressure, the Slovaks declare their independence and form a Slovak Republic. View the list of all donors. June 22, 1941–November 1941Nazi Germany and its Axis partners (except Bulgaria) invade the Soviet Union. The Soviets blunt the attack within a week and begin an offensive initiative of their own. The Germans immediately seize control of Rome and northern Italy, establishing a puppet Fascist regime under Mussolini, who is freed from imprisonment by German commandos on September 12. As German troops invaded and occupied more and more territory in Europe, the Soviet Union, and North Africa, the regime’s racial and antisemitic policies became more radical, moving from persecution to genocide. On October 5, the Germans accept the surrender of the remnants of the Home Army forces fighting in Warsaw. August 20–25, 1944Allied troops reach Paris. World War II (WWII) was a long and bloody war that lasted about six years. July 25, 1944Allied forces break out of the Normandy beachhead and race eastward towards Paris. April 16, 1945The Soviets launch their final offensive, encircling Berlin. September 27, 1940Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. August 8, 1945 The Soviet Union declares war on Japan and invades Manchuria. Over the next three years Anglo-American bombing reduces urban Germany to rubble. There were several major events leading up to the war and then during the war. It was the bloodiest conflict, as well as the largest war… December 8, 1941The United States declares war on Japan, entering World War II. By September, the Allies reach the German border; by December, virtually all of France, most of Belgium, and part of the southern Netherlands are liberated. August 6, 1945The United States drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Finland, seeking redress for the territorial losses in the armistice concluding the Winter War, joins the Axis just before the invasion. November 23, 1942–February 2, 1943Soviet troops counterattack, breaking through the Hungarian and Romanian lines northwest and southwest of Stalingrad and trapping the German Sixth Army in the city. In southern France, a collaborationist regime with its capital in Vichy is established. June 28, 1942–September 1942Germany and her Axis partners launch a new offensive in the Soviet Union. September 8, 1943 The Badoglio government surrenders unconditionally to the Allies. July 10, 1940–October 31, 1940The air war known as the Battle of Britain ends in defeat for Nazi Germany. September 1, 1939Germany invades Poland, initiating World War II in Europe. In the south, German and Romanian troops capture Kiev (Kyiv) in September and capture Rostov on the Don River in November. The top Ustasa leaders flee to Italy and Austria. September 2, 1945Having agreed in principle to unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945, Japan formally surrenders, ending World War II. July 5, 1943The Germans launch a massive tank offensive near Kursk in the Soviet Union. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 March 7, 1945US troops cross the Rhine River at Remagen. March 31, 1939France and Great Britain guarantee the integrity of the borders of the Polish state. The Germans occupy the rump Czech lands in violation of the Munich agreement, forming a Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. April 7–15, 1939Fascist Italy invades and annexes Albania. October 25–November 1, 1936Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sign a treaty of cooperation on October 25; on November 1, the Rome-Berlin Axis is announced. May 1945Allied troops conquer Okinawa, the last island stop before the Japanese islands.
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